Thursday, February 21, 2019

The Golden Gate viewed from within the Temple Plaza (1860)

Israel's History - a Picture a Day (Beta)

Posted: 20 Feb 2019

The Golden Gate (Sha'ar Harachamim, Gate of Mercy) of Jerusalem's Old City wall has

special significance on Yom Kippur, the Jewish Day of Atonement. If the gate were

opened, it would lead directly onto the Temple Plaza. The outside of the gate would open

to the Kidron Valley and the Mount of Olives beyond. In Talmudic literature the gate

was also known as the Shushan Gate because of its eastern direction (toward the Persian

city of Shushan) and perhaps because of the role played by the Persian leader Cyrus in

the Jews' return to Jerusalem after the Babylonian exile.

According to Jewish tradition, on Yom Kippur a messenger (usually a priest) took the

sacrificial lamb from the Temple through the gate to the desert. The Red Heifer

purification ceremony also involved taking the sacrifice through the eastern gate to

the Mount of Olives.

Interior chamber of the Golden Gate. Are the columns from the Temple structure? (1900)

Unlike most of Jerusalem's other gates, the Golden Gate was originally built at least a

millennium before Suleiman the Magnificent rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem in 1540.

Indeed, some archeologists believe that the original gate, dating back to Herod's

construction or even Nehemiah's period (440 BCE), still exists beneath the current gate.

Perhaps because of the great religious significance of the gate to Jews and Christians as

the Messiah's route into Jerusalem, it is believed Suleiman sealed the gate and permitted

the construction of a Muslim cemetery in front of the gate.

The graffiti scratched into the wall by "Avraham"

Hebrew writing - graffiti - on the internal walls of the gate's chamber is believed

to have been left by Jewish pilgrims at least 1,000 years ago.

(See study by Shulamit Gera, Catedra, in Hebrew.)

The graffiti scratched into the wall by "Avraham"

Diagram of the two levels of the Golden Gate (with permission of the

Biblical Archaeology Review)

The ancient subterranean arch and the pit of bones. (James Fleming)

The theory of an ancient gate received support in 1969 when an archeological student

named James Fleming was inspecting the current gate. Suddenly the rain-soaked ground

beneath him opened and he found himself in a pit of bones looking at the top of another

gate eight feet beneath the surface. Fleming photographed his discovery. When he

returned the next day, the tomb had been sealed with a cement slab by the Islamic

custodians of the cemetery.

Perhaps the bones date back to 625 CE when a Jewish revolt supported the Persians vs the Byzantines. Led by Benjamin

of Tiberias and his army, the Jews controlled the city for several years, possibly even restoring religious practices on the

Temple ruins. The period was marked with slaughters committed by all sides.