Kiddush (Holy) Cup & Saucer

Silver Kiddush Cup and Saucer 

with Golden Highlights - Old Jerusalem

Israel in My Heart

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This gorgeous kiddush cup will add a touch of splendor to your table on the Sabbath and holidays, and to your mantel or display case the rest of the time!

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Kiddush

Sanctifying Sabbath and holidays, with special blessings over wine.

By Rabbi Louis Jacobs

  

Reprinted from The Jewish Religion: A Companion, 

Published by Oxford University Press.

Kiddush is the sanctification of the Sabbath.

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On Friday night, when the Sabbath begins, the Kiddush ceremony is carried out before sitting down to the Sabbath meal. A cup of wine is filled and held in the hand by the person presiding, usually but not necessarily the father of the house, and the benediction over wine recited.

Then the Kiddush proper is recited: 'Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the universe, who hath hallowed us by Thy commandments and hast taken pleasure in us, and in love and favor hast given us Thy holy Sabbath as an inheritance, a memorial of the creation--that day being also the first day of the holy convocations, in remembrance of the departure from Egypt. For Thou hast chosen us and hallowed us above all nations, and in love and favor hast given us Thy holy Sabbath as an inheritance. Blessed art Thou, O Lord, who hallowest the Sabbath.'

Kiddush in Aramaic means "Holy".

Contents

  [hide] 

• 1 Significance
• 2 Rituals
• 3 Synagogue kiddush
• 4 Kiddush customs
• 5 Hebrew text of Friday night kiddush
  • 5.1 English translation of Friday night kiddush
• 6 Shabbat morning kiddush
  • 6.1 English translation of Shabbat morning kiddush
• 7 Holiday eve kiddush
  • 7.1 English translation of holiday eve kiddush
• 8 Holiday morning kiddush
  • 8.1 English translation of holiday morning kiddush
• 9 Other
• 10 References
• 11 External links

Significance

The Torah refers to two requirements concerning Shabbat - to "keep it" and to "remember it" (shamor and zakhor). Jewish law therefore requires that Shabbat be observed in two respects. One must "keep it" by refraining from thirty-nine forbidden activities, and one must "remember it" by making special arrangements for the day, and specifically through the kiddush ceremony.

Reciting kiddush before the meal on the eve of Shabbat and Jewish holidays is thus a commandment from the Torah (as it is explained by the Oral Torah). Reciting kiddush before the morning meal on Shabbat and holidays is a requirement of rabbinic origin. Kiddush is not usually recited at the third meal on Shabbat, although Maimonides was of the opinion that wine should be drunk at this meal as well.

Rituals

Engraved sterling silver kiddush cup

To honor the mitzvah of reciting kiddush, a silver goblet is often used, although any cup can suffice. The cup must hold a revi'it of liquid. A revi'it is between 5.46 fluid ounces (161.5 ml) (Rabbi Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz) and 3.07 fluid ounces (90.7 ml) (Rabbi Avraham Chaim Naeh). After the person reciting the kiddush drinks from the wine, the rest of it is passed around the table or poured out into small cups for the other participants. Alternatively, wine is poured for each of the participants before kiddush.

Before reciting kiddush, the challah, which will be the next food item eaten in honor of the Shabbat or holiday, is first covered with a cloth. According to Halakha, the blessing over bread takes precedence to the blessing over wine. However, in the interests of beginning the meal with kiddush, the challah is covered to "remove" it from the table (some do not have the challah on the table at all during kiddush). Some interpret the covering of the challah allegorically, explaining that just as we go out of our way to protect an inanimate object (the bread) from being "insulted" (by the blessing over wine taking precedence), we should display the same sensitivity toward the feelings of other people.

Synagogue kiddush

The term kiddush also refers to refreshments served either at home or at the synagogue following prayer services on Shabbat or Yom Tov, which begin with the recitation of kiddush. Cake,crackers, and gefilte fish are traditionally served. On Shavuot morning, the custom is to serve dairy foods such as cheesecake and cheese blintzes for the kiddush.

According to the Shulchan Aruch, kiddush should be recited preceding the Shabbat meal. Eating mezonot such as cake or cookies or drinking an additional revi'it of wine, was also deemed sufficient. Nevertheless, some Jews recite kiddush only when about to partake of a full meal.

Often a kiddush is hosted by a family celebrating the birth of a daughter, a bar mitzvah, a wedding, an engagement, a birthday, or other happy occasion. Some people also host a kiddush on theyahrtzeit of a parent or other relative. In some synagogues the celebrant is honored with reciting the Shabbat morning kiddush on behalf of all the attendees. In other synagogues the rabbi orgabbai recites the kiddush. Some Jews make kiddush on Shabbat morning over liquor instead of wine. When this is done, the blessing recited is she-hakol nihyeh bid'varo instead of borei p'ri ha-gafen. The Mishnah Berurah (an authoritative Ashkenazi halakhic text) allows liquor to be substituted for wine on the grounds that it is Hamar Medina, a drink one would serve to a respected guest.

Kiddush customs

In the absence of wine or grape juice, Friday night kiddush may be recited over the challah; the blessing over bread is substituted for the blessing over wine. In that case, the ritual hand-washing normally performed prior to consuming the challah is done before the recitation of kiddush. German Jews follow this procedure even if wine is present. If there is only sufficient wine or grape juice for one kiddush, it should be used for the Friday night kiddush

In many synagogues, kiddush is recited on Friday night at the end of services. This kiddush does not take the place of the obligation to recite kiddush at the Friday night meal. When recited in a synagogue, the first paragraph (Genesis 2:1-3) is omitted.

The text of the Friday night kiddush begins with a passage from Genesis 2:1-3, as a testimony to God's creation of the world and cessation of work on the seventh day. Some people stand during the recital of these Biblical verses (even if they sit for kiddush), since according to Jewish law testimony must be given standing.

There are different customs regarding sitting or standing while reciting kiddush depending on communal and family tradition.

Some Hasidic and Sephardic Jews dilute the wine with water before kiddush on Friday night to commemorate the old custom of "mixing of the wine" in the days when wine was too strong to be drunk without dilution.

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Greetings from Jerusalem

The Sabbath Walk to the Western Wall --

The Sabbath Walk to the Western Wall --
An Ancient Custom Interrupted for 19 Years

Jews at Western Wall (circa 1917). Note presence of women,
Ashkenazi Jews with the fur hats, and Sephardi Jews with the fez.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

From the earliest days of photography, the Western Wall has been a favorite subject for photographers. The Wall or Kotel was always a magnet for Jews who came to pray at the remnant of the Temple retaining wall. On the other side of that Wall once stood the Holy of Holies.

During Arab riots in the 1920s and during the Arab revolt (1936- 1939) Jews were often attacked in the Old City. 

Orthodox Jews on the way to
the Western Wall (1934-39) and here


That's why this set of the American Colony's photographs of the Old City is so unusual. It shows Jews walking to the Western Wall between 1934 and 1939 "on their usual Sabbath* walk to the Wailing Wall," according to the caption.

The subjects hide their faces because of their desire to avoid being photographed on the Sabbath.

Little girl at "Jews wailing place" (1934-39)

Possibly because of the dangers there are few women or non-Orthodox worshipers in this set of pictures. Yet, one little blond girl appears in two of the pictures.

Little Jewish girl walking in the Old City
(in circle)

 

Click on picture to enlarge. 


To maintain order in the Old City, the British police established gun positions and built walls to separate Arabs from the Jews. In 1929 and again in 1939 the British evacuated Jews from the Old City.

"Sand bags used by police in Jewish
Street" in the Old City



Sealed passageway in the Old City and here











But the American Colony photographers still found pious Jews who continued to flock to the Western Wall, and their pictures are presented here.

Jews in the Old City, walking back from prayers at the
Western Wall (1934-1939) and here



Sabbath walk in the Old City and here

The Western Wall deserted during visit
of British General, 1936 "Palestine
Disturbances"

In 1948, the Jordanian Legion captured the Old City of Jerusalem, imprisoned or expelled all of the Jews, and destroyed the Jewish Quarter. Jews were not permitted to visit the Western Wall until 1967 when the Israel Defense Forces reunited the city.

*(Actually, the pictures were probably taken on a Jewish festival. Many of the worshippers are carrying prayer books and bags which some wouldn't normally do on the Sabbath.)

http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6139670746694843000#editor/target=post;postID=4305794797356583911

 

 

 

Shabbat - Shabbath ceremony

Article below by Dr. Bill Duerfeldt

Shamar Shabbat – Keeping the Sabbath

In Deuteronomy 5:12 we read -- “Keep (or observe) the Sabbath day

to keep it holy…” In Hebrew this sentence reads --

Shamar et yom

ha-Shabbat

l'kad'sho.

I want to direct your attention to the first word of Deuteronomy’s

passage above. The word is

is often translated “keep” as in the example above. However,

“

picture of a watchman in a watchtower guarding a field, or guarding a

fortress or city. Why is this distinction important?

Let me share just two brief points, as to why

to the Sabbath.

First, it is the one day which God devoted to

Life! It is to be a day of renewal and refreshing. Remember that the

weekly day of rest had no parallel in any other ancient civilization.

In ancient times, leisure was for the wealthy and the ruling classes only,

never for the serving or laboring classes. The very idea of rest each

week was unimaginable. The Greeks and the Romans thought Jews

were lazy because they insisted on having a "holiday" every seventh

day

seven and He created the Sabbath.

Jesus said it this way – “

The second point is one I’ve mentioned before – the Hebraic concept

of the “sanctity of time”. The Sabbath may have been the last thing

created, but it was the first thing that God sanctified and called “holy”.

In the Ten Commandments, there is only one thing that God calls

שמר . Pronounced “sha’mar”, the wordshamar” could more appropriately be translated as “guard”. It is the“guarding” is so aproposלחים (“L’Chaim” ) – to. But God knew man must rest from his toil at least one day inShabbat was made for man; not man for Shabbat.” (Mark 2:27).

קדוש

I have heard it said by theologians that “mankind was God’s purpose of creation”. Mankind may have been the “purpose”, but Shabbat was the climax! To theShabbat is a Palace of Holiness in Time. God’s “Mo’edim” (His

Appointed Times

Leviticus 23 without that truth coming through loud and clear.)

) are very important to Him. (One cannot read

Shabbat

important even than Yom Kippur – the Day of Atonement. To those

who observe

joy eagerly awaited throughout the week, a time when one can set

aside all of one’s weekday concerns and devote one’s self to higher

pursuits.

In Jewish literature, poetry and music,

bride or queen. In fact, there is a popular Hebrew

that says

beloved to meet the [Sabbath] bride.” And what husband does not

want to protect and “guard” his bride? What monarch does not want

to “guard” his palace? Likewise, God admonishes us to

is the most important ritual observance in Judaism; moreShabbat, it is a precious gift from God, a day of greatShabbat is also described as aShabbat hymnLecha Dodi Likrat Kallah which translates, “Come myשמר שבת

(

 

The Bread

“challah”, you can easily make your own using Pillsbury refrigerated

bread dough. Challah is braided bread and typically looks like this:

Here in Israel you can get “challah” made with a wide variety of

ingredients – white flour, whole wheat, oats, rye, etc and similarly with

a variety of coatings – egg wash, sesame seeds, poppy seeds, and

so forth. This link will tell you more...

. If your community does not have a bakery which makes

http://www.jewishrecipes.org/jewish-foods/challah.html

The challah is traditionally covered, when sitting on the table before

the blessing, with a special “challah cover” – often with the word

“

 

The Wine

or other kosher wine is preferred, but at home we often will use a

berry wine such as Blackberry Merlot. Grape juice, of course, can be

used as well.

: A red table wine (such as Manishewetz or Mogan David)

The Candles:

traditional, although any two candles will do. In Israel many folks buy

the small flat throw-away “votive-type” candles in their own individual

aluminum holders and use those for

 

The woman's shawl:

during the candle-lighting ceremony, is fine.

Any type of shawl, to be placed over the head

The Ceremony

When all are gathered at the table, the mother or oldest woman

covers her head with the shawl and proceeds to light the candles.

She then stretches her arms around the candles and brings her

hands back toward her face, as if she is gathering the light toward

herself. She does this three times.

Finally, she brings both hands up to her face, covers her eyes

and says the following blessing:

“Blessed are You, O LORD our God, King of the Universe,

who has sanctified us with Your commandments,

and instructed us to kindle the candles of Shabbat.

In Hebrew the blessing is...

“Baruk atah ADONAI Elohaynu, Melek HaOlam,

asher kidi'shay'nu be'mitz'vetov vitzi'vaynu

le'hawd-lick nair shel shabbat.”

Everyone at the table responds with “

 “Blessed are You, O LORD our God, King

In Hebrew the prayer is:

“Baruk atah ADONAI Elohaynu, Melek HaOlam,

ha motzi le'chem min ha'eretz.”

Everyone at the table responds with “

 “Blessed are You, O LORD our God, King of the

In Hebrew the prayer is:

“Baruk atah ADONAI Elohaynu, Melek HaOlam,

bo ray pre ha'gafin.”

Everyone at the table responds with “

Amen”.

The husband then takes a large piece of the challah, breaks it

into smaller pieces and passes the pieces to each person at the

table. Each challah piece is dipped in salt and each person eats his

or her portion together with the others. (Salt is used to commemorate

the grain offerings in the Temple, which were always required to be

used with salt. – Leviticus 2:13)

Finally, the husband lifts his glass of wine and recites the

following blessing:

Universe, Who creates the fruit of the vine.”

Amen”.

Next, the husband or oldest man lifts the challah bread and

says the following prayer:

of the Universe, Who brings forth bread from the earth.”

Amen”.

Two tapered candles in matching candlesticks isShabbat.

Shabbat” in Hebrew is on the cover – but this is also optional.

One needs only a few things to perform the Sabbath service as we do

it...(1) a loaf of bread (preferably “challah”); (2) red wine (or grape

juice); (3) two candles; and (4) a shawl or similar head covering for

the woman. (A prayer shawl (tallit) or other head covering for the

man can also be used. I have one, but as I understand it, for a non-

Jewish man, such a head covering is optional.)

Shamar Shabbat) – to guard the Sabbath and keep it holy.

Jew,

“qadosh” – holy – and that is Shabbat.